Sistemas de defesa civil e resposta a desastresuma análise comparativa entre o Brasil e países da América Latina

Resumo

Objective: This study aimed to comparatively analyze national civil defense and disaster risk management systems in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador, focusing on identifying institutional advances, recurring challenges, and practices that may inform improvements to Brazil’s National Civil Defense and Protection System (SINPDEC). The objective was to contrast the countries’ legal and institutional arrangements, intergovernmental coordination, institutional capacities, and financing mechanisms in order to answer the following question: to what extent do differences in governance and funding sustainability shape the consolidation of pre-disaster capacities and the effectiveness of disaster response? Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative and comparative approach based on document and literature analysis of legislation, national plans, and recent technical reports from the selected countries. Considering the research objective and the way the investigation was conducted, the work is characterized as a multiple case study, guided by an analytical matrix of institutional and operational dimensions to enable systematic cross-case comparison. Results: Overall, the findings indicate that although all countries have legal frameworks broadly aligned with the Sendai Framework (2015–2030), the most pronounced differences relate to intergovernmental coordination and funding ustainability, with direct effects on the continuity of prevention, preparedness, and recovery policies. Chile and Colombia display higher levels of institutionalization and cross-sector integration; Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico face federative constraints and fiscal limitations that reduce predictability and coordination; Ecuador combines a formally decentralized design with constraints in capacity and funding. Practical Implications: Based on the results, the study provides inputs to strengthen SINPDEC along three key axes: (i) enhancing intergovernmental coordination mechanisms, (ii) improving the sustainability and predictability of pre-disaster funding, and (iii) fostering the development of durable local capacities. In addition, the study offers comparative evidence to support public management and multilevel governance agendas in disaster risk reduction across Latin America.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2025

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/38042

Temas

Gestão PúblicaFinanças PúblicasAdministração PúblicaGovernança

Palavras-chave

Defesa civilProteção civilGestão de riscosRedução do risco de desastresGovernança multinívelFinanciamento públicoAmérica LatinaAdministração públicaAvaliação de riscos ambientaisCatástrofes naturaisBrasil