Solo és mãecomo o mercado de trabalho penaliza mulheres chefes de família com filhos e sem cônjuge no Brasil

Resumo

The increase in the feminization of family heads in Brazil highlights the need to understand the specificities of different household arrangements. In view of this, this dissertation investigates the penalties for motherhood faced by single mothers who are heads of households in the Brazilian labor market. Using data from the 2022 Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua) and a methodology aligned with Kleven et al. (2019, 2024), the analysis of 99,436 observations shows that single mothers face the highest wage penalty among all groups analyzed. The presence of young children (0-5 years old) is associated with greater labor participation, evidencing a pattern of economic need. Even greater occupational precariousness is identified for single mothers, with greater segregation in domestic services (+22.8 p.p.) and lower social security contributions (-11.5 p.p.). In terms of race, there is evidence that discrimination has a greater impact on income than on access to employment. The combination of quantitative and qualitative penalties highlights an overall disadvantage in the labor market, with direct implications for childcare and social protection policies.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Outro

Ano

2025

Instituição

Ipea

Fonte

Repositório do Ipea

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.ipea.gov.br:11058/20223

Licença

Licença Padrão Ipea

Abrangência

Brasil

Temas

Economia

Palavras-chave

TrabalhoMãesMercado de trabalhoMonoparentalidade femininaMães soloPenalidade pela maternidadeMaternity penaltySingle mothersLabor marketFemale single parenthood