O Setor eólico na transição energética brasileiraavanços, políticas e impactos ambientais

Resumo

This study analyzes the evolution of public policies promoting wind energy in Brazil and the socio-environmental challenges associated with its expansion. The research is guided by the following questions: How did the wind energy market develop in the country? What contradictions and environmental impacts have emerged from these projects? The objective is to understand the role of wind energy in Brazil’s just energy transition, considering technological advances and territorial impacts. A qualitative methodology was adopted, combining literature review, document analysis of energy policies, and interviews with technical staff from Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama) and Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (Aneel). The findings indicate that programs such as Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica (Proinfa) were essential to consolidating the sector, followed by auctions and incentives that made wind energy highly competitive. However, the rapid expansion of wind farms has led to significant impacts, including deforestation, land expropriation, socio-environmental conflicts, and the exclusion of local communities from decision-making processes. The study highlights weaknesses in regulation and environmental licensing procedures. It concludes that there is a need to strengthen environmental governance in the sector, enhance public participation, and revise regulations such as Resolution No. 462/2014 from Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Conama).

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Artigo científico

Ano

2025

Instituição

Ipea

Fonte

Repositório do Ipea

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

DOI

10.38116/brua35art6

Identificador

oai:repositorio.ipea.gov.br:11058/19441

Licença

Licença Comum

Abrangência

Brasil

Temas

Políticas PúblicasInfraestruturaGovernançaMeio Ambiente

Palavras-chave

EnergiaTransição energética justaEnergia eólicaDesafios ambientaisJust energy transitionWind energyEnvironmental challenges