Mudanças climáticas e saúdeuma análise das políticas federais de enfrentamento ao calor extremo no Brasil

Resumo

This study analyses the extent to which Brazil’s federal climate change, with an emphasis on adaptation and disaster risk management policies incorporate the protection of public health in the context of extreme heat — an increasingly frequent and intense phenomenon that generates significant and unequally distributed health impacts. The central objective is to assess the coherence, institutional capacity, and degree of federative coordination embedded in the main federal normative instruments, and to analyze how the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU), through Rulings No. 2201/2024 and No. 1914/2025, evaluates national climate governance. The research employs a qualitative, document-based analytical approach, focusing on eight federal norms assessed through an analytical framework composed of five dimensions: recognition of extreme heat as a health risk, technical metrics and definitions, vulnerability considerations, the capacity of the Unified Health System (SUS), and mechanisms of federative coordination. The analysis of TCU rulings complements the findings by providing an independent evaluation of climate governance and of the integration between climate policy, health policy, and disaster risk management. The results reveal three main findings: (1) extreme heat is not recognized as a policy problem within federal climate and disaster risk management instruments, generating an asymmetry with the health sector, which has advanced more substantially; (2) there are no national technical parameters or integrated climate–health monitoring systems, which hinders the creation of early warning mechanisms and weakens the operational capacity of states and municipalities; and (3) structural weaknesses persist in federal climate governance, marked by discontinued plans, limited intersectoral and federative coordination, and reduced institutional continuity. The study concludes that addressing extreme heat requires effective integration across climate, health, and disaster risk management fields, the institutionalization of technical metrics and monitoring systems, strengthened federative coordination, and the systematic update and operationalization of strategic federal instruments. These changes are essential to consolidate a national adaptation architecture capable of protecting lives in a context of accelerated warming and growing climate inequality

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2025

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/38242

Temas

Administração PúblicaGovernançaSaúdeMeio Ambiente

Palavras-chave

Calor extremoAdaptação às mudanças climáticasGovernança federativaGestão de riscos de desastresVigilância em saúde ambientalExtreme heatClimate change adaptationIntergovernmental governanceDisaster risk managementEnvironmental health surveillanceAdministração públicaMudanças climáticas - Política governamental - BrasilAltas temperaturasAvaliação de riscos ambientaisSaúde ambiental