Análise da qualidade do ar no bairro de Bangu, zona oeste do município de Rio de Janeiro e seus efeito na saúde da população (2018-2022)

Resumo

Air quality and health are critical indicators for investigating the relationship between respiratory mortality and atmospheric pollution in urban populations. This study examines the association between air pollutants and deaths from respiratory diseases in the district of Bangu, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from 2018 to 2022. Based on integrated environmental, climatic, and epidemiological data, Quasi-Poisson regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAM) were applied using the Python programming language to assess the effects of PM₁₀, CO, SO₂, and NO₂ on respiratory mortality. The results indicate a statistically significant association between PM₁₀ exposure and respiratory deaths, with a relative risk of 1.149 for each 10 µg/m³ increase in concentration. In contrast, the other pollutants did not show independent effects on mortality in the adjusted models. Although annual mean concentrations remained within the limits established by the Intermediate Phase 2 (PI-2) of CONAMA Resolution No. 506/2024, episodic pollution peaks were identified, suggesting short-term deterioration of air quality with disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. The research highlights weaknesses in Brazilian environmental governance, such as low data granularity and the lack of integration between the health and environmental sectors. It suggests expanding monitoring, improving databases for daily scales, and fostering intersectoral integration in compliance with the National Air Quality Policy (Law No. 14,850/2024). This study aims to contribute to the strengthening of evidence-based environmental management and propose a framework for clean air public policies and sustainable urban health.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2025

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/38209

Temas

Políticas PúblicasAdministração PúblicaDadosGovernançaSaúdeMeio AmbienteGestão Municipal

Palavras-chave

Poluição atmosféricaPM₁₀Mortalidade respiratóriaPolítica ambientalRio de JaneiroAir pollutionRespiratory mortalityEnvironmental policyAdministração públicaAr - Poluição - MediçãoAr - Controle de qualidade - Bangu (Rio de Janeiro, RJ)Política ambiental - Rio de Janeiro (RJ)