Fundamentos e critérios para a redução equitativa da cláusula penal nos contratos do setor de petróleo e gás

Resumo

The purpose of this master’s dissertation is to discuss the legal basis and suggest a guideline to the reduction of the penalty clause, on an equitable basis, as per art. 413 of the Civil Code. By means of a case law study in the Court of Appeal of the State of São Paulo dated as of 2002, it is found that over 600 judicial decisions mention the term “equitable reduction of the penalty clause”. In the Superior Cort of Justice, the result of the research is lower: only one judicial decision mentions the term “equitable reduction of the penalty clause”. The terms “equitable reduction” and “penalty clause” return 17 entries in judicial decisions by the Superior Court of Justice. Although Brazilian Courts exceptionally acknowledge their power and duty to reduce the penalty clause on an equitable basis, there is no uniformity in the establishment and application of the standards to do so under Brazilian case law. From the theoretical assumptions of the Law & Economics tool, the scope of this work is to reduce this scenario of uncertainty, in particular in the oil & gas market (which demands a higher standardization of contracts and model clauses), by means of the standardization of criteria. The adoption of clear and well-defined standards ex ante (when the contracts are negotiated, as per articles 113, §2, and 421-A, I, of the Civil Code) or ex post (by the Judiciary branch and the arbitrators when solving disputes) not only reduces the transaction costs but creates more legal certainty and efficiency to the economic agents when it is necessary to reduce the penalties clauses on an equitable basis.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2023

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/34915

Temas

Economia

Palavras-chave

Cláusula penalRedução equitativaFundamento e critériosParâmetrosAnálise econômica do DireitoPenal clauseEquitable reductionBackground and criteriaParametersEconomic analysis of lawDireitoContratosPenalidades contratuaisCláusulas (Direito)Direito e economia