Federalismo à brasileiraos municípios na Constituição de 1988

Resumo

The defense of municipal autonomy permeates much of Brazilian history and was accentuated by the dominance of states during the Old Republic. The municipal movement gradually organized itself and sought to influence the constitutional texts promulgated after then. During the Constitutional process of 1987-1988, municipalism was one of the most active interest groups. There were two main subgroups within municipalism: the historical one, for which the main issue was the local dependence to state power; and the second one, which understands the concentration of power, competences and resources in the federal government the most important issue to be overcome by decentralization. Having the enlargement of municipal autonomy as their main banner, the municipalists defended not only the inclusion of constitutional provisions that would guarantee the autonomy of the municipalities, but also the elevation of municipalities into federal entities. In addition to the novelty of the three-party Federation model, the absence of all the provisions guaranteeing the municipalities’ new condition is also noteworthy, despite the approval of several others that provided them with the highest degree of formal autonomy in Brazilian constitutional history. These facts led to the formulation of a hypothesis according to which both the set of proposals presented, and the approval strategies adopted by the municipalists sought not only to guarantee greater autonomy to these entities, by decentralizing the financial resources in hands of the federal government, but also to protect them from the dependency of states and their oligarchies. Using process tracing as a methodology, the events and “diagnostic pieces” were investigated in search of evidence capable of confirming or disproving this hypothesis. The analysis of the Brazilian historical and constitutional process showed how the different facets of municipalism, and its main banners were shaped. Using the literature on decision-making and the “Anais da Constituinte 1987-1988”, it was possible to understand how the institutional and decisionmaking processes in force during the Assembly impacted municipalism strategies. The evidence points to the confirmation of the working hypothesis and suggests that the elevation of municipalities to federal entities responded to the strategy of part of the municipal movement to give local autonomy a characteristic of perpetuity, due to the inclusion of Federation in the entrenched clauses of the 1988 Constitution and thus cannot be modified via amendment.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2021

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/31129

Temas

Desenvolvimento RegionalAdministração PúblicaGestão Municipal

Palavras-chave

Municipal autonomyFederalism - BrazilBrazil [Constitution (1988)]Decision making processAutonomia municipalFederalismo - BrasilBrasil [Constituição (1988)]Processo decisórioAdministração públicaBrasil. [Constituição (1988)]