Emissão de créditos de carbono por projetos de REDD+ em terras indígenasdesafios, oportunidades e a proteção dos direitos dos povos da floresta

Resumo

This study examines, from a climate justice perspective, the issuance of carbon credits from REDD+ projects in Indigenous Territories in Brazil, in a context of regulatory reconfiguration marked by the creation of the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (Law No. 15.042/2024), the consolidation of the National REDD+ Strategy (ENREDD+) and the strengthening of CONAREDD+. It departs from the hypothesis that articulating climate justice and the legal framework on REDD+ offers more consistent criteria to assess whether, and under which conditions, the issuance of credits in Indigenous Territories can be legally legitimate, environmentally robust and compatible with the rights of forest peoples.The research adopts a qualitative and exploratory legal approach, combining bibliographical and documentary review, normative analysis of the international and domestic REDD+ regimes, and the examination of concrete experiences, with emphasis on the Suruí Forest Carbon Project, the “second wave” of private initiatives in Indigenous Territories and the development of jurisdictional REDD+ programmes, including in the State of Pará and within the LEAF coalition. The study concludes that the Brazilian framework no longer represents a regulatory vacuum, as it expressly recognises REDD+, allows for the conditional conversion of voluntary market credits and requires social and environmental safeguards, free, prior and informed consent and equitable benefit-sharing in Indigenous territories. It nonetheless identifies significant risks of double counting, private capture of benefits and the financialisation of nature. The compatibility between REDD+ credits in Indigenous Territories and climate justice ultimately depends on the effective implementation of safeguards, the strengthening of self-determination instruments and the central role of Indigenous leadership in the design, governance and benefit-sharing arrangements of such initiatives.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Outro

Ano

2025

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/38304

Temas

Governança

Palavras-chave

Justiça climáticaREDD+Terras indígenasCréditos de carbonoSalvaguardas socioambientaisSistema Brasileiro de Comércio de EmissõesMercado de carbonoConsentimento livre, prévio e informadoClimate justiceIndigenous territoriescarbon creditsSocial and environmental safeguardsBrazilian Emissions Trading SystemCarbon marketFree, prior and informed consentDireitoMercadoÁreas indígenas