Refugiados venezuelanosdesafios para o acolhimento do povo originário Warao

Resumo

Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the difficulties faced by the original Warao people in Brazil, through interviews with the actors and members of the ethnic group, seeking to perceive different perspectives to better understand the challenges and potentialities related to their integration into the local society. Methodological path: This is an applied study with a descriptive objective and a qualitative approach, using bibliographical, documentary and field analysis and interviews. Interviews were conducted with thirteen Warao indigenous people and twenty-three actors from different institutions responsible for the reception of this traditional people in Belo Horizonte. To process the data, the technique of content analysis was used manually, without the help of specific programs. Results: The predominant perception among indigenous people and actors is that the Warao are the target of racialized xenophobia practices in the welcoming process. There is an overload of the municipal federative entity in relation to the financing of actions, there is, however, an excessive delegation of activities to civil society organizations, with an overload of these, with significant differences in the service provided by the municipality's partner entities, such as Caritas and the Jesuit Service for Migrants and Refugees. It is necessary to develop periodic training in order to provide the indigenous people with culturally sensitive care. It is possible to verify the process of formation of networks of actors, although the general and coordinated action has lost its problem-solving capacity. On the other hand, there is a strengthening of relations between the institutions of the justice system for joint action. The perceptions about the participation of the indigenous people in the elaboration and execution of the reception actions are contradictory among the actors, while the Warao do not feel heard and contemplated in the actions. There have been attempts to insert indigenous people into the formal labor market, which have not been successful, due to cultural diversity and different worldviews, and operations aimed at enhancing the development of activities that are of interest to the Warao, especially handicrafts, are rare. In general, the Warao woman's role is one of submission to the man, with a voice only for family matters, without active and direct contact with the actors to define issues that affect them, and there are also records of gender violence among the Warao. As factors of repulsion, the Warao point to conflicts between the members of the groups themselves, discontent with the current model of shelter that brings together families with different profiles, and exacerbated tension between the indigenous people and those personally responsible for the shelters. The reception structure in Belo Horizonte, especially the allocation of a specific budget for this purpose, is pointed out as a factor of attraction to other indigenous people. However, the main reason for other groups to come to the capital is the perception of the Warao themselves in relation to the care they receive in Belo Horizonte, considering that the contact network between them is highly active. Language, cultural differences and ways of life are barriers to the integration of indigenous people into local society, with implications for all actions developed to welcome this traditional people. There is a need to reassess the model of migratory regularization of unaccompanied, separated and undocumented children, of which the Federal Public Defender's Office is an essential part. This is due to weaknesses in the process developed at the border, which can lead to the occurrence of problems, as in cases registered in the capital of Minas Gerais of human trafficking, with negative consequences for the indigenous people involved. Limitations: It was not possible to hear representatives of all those involved in the reception in Belo Horizonte, considering that the International Organization for Migration (IOM), even with the sending of the requested documentation to authorize the interviews, did not respond to multiple attempts to contact them, making the interviews unfeasible. Most indigenous people agreed to talk openly about the themes dealt with in this work, but refused to allow the recording, even with the guarantees of the consent form, so that the number of interviews formalized among the Warao was lower than expected. The issue of not understanding the Warao language was another limiting factor in the interviews, due to the fact that some Warao were unable to express their ideas in Portuguese, using excerpts in their language and requesting help from others to express to the researcher what they wanted to say, thus limiting the depth and breadth of the content of the interviews with the indigenous people. It was not allowed to take photos that could be the object of analysis in this work, so that the photographic records contained in the research are those of public archives. Applicability: A general picture of the reception of the traditional Warao people in Belo Horizonte was obtained, such as the perception of the indigenous people themselves on diverse topics, providing the institutions, organizations and bodies responsible for the reception to make improvements in the aspects presented as challenges, as well as the enhancement of actions considered useful. The conclusions of this work can support actions aimed at the reception of indigenous people of the ethnic group in other locations in Brazil, in view of the intense process of internalization of the Warao today. In relation to the Federal Public Defender's Office, the conclusions suggest the need to reassess the procedure for regularization of separated, unaccompanied or undocumented children at the border, which is the joint responsibility of the DPU and the Federal Police, with the contribution of other actors. Originality: The work represents an important academic contribution, since it was not located in the studies related to public administration, deepening the theme of refuge in intersection with the indigenous profile of refugees. This identity characteristic has multiple implications for the actions developed in welcoming, which had not yet been grasped by the academic environment.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2024

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/35159

Temas

Políticas PúblicasAdministração Pública

Palavras-chave

MigraçãoPovo originárioDireitos dos WaraoPolíticas PúblicasProcesso de acolhimentoPovos origináriosÍndios WaraoIntegração social