Opções reais em projetos de investimentoso caso de uma planta de liquefação de gás natural com flexibilidade de troca de mercado e de troca de produto

Resumo

The main purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical aspects of the Real Options applied to project valuation of investments and to evaluate, under this methodology, a real case of a project for the construction of a LNG Plant. The case considered the Switch-Market Option by evaluating the possibility of selling the LNG at different international spot markets and also contemplated the Switch-Output Option due to the existent flexibility to decide not to liquefy the natural gas and, therefore, stop the trading of LNG at the international market and start to negotiate the selling of dry natural gas at the domestic market. In order to measure the two mentioned Real Options, it was confirmed, by analyzing the historical series of natural gas prices, that the Geometric Brownian Motion could not be rejected and then, Monte Carlo simulations of its risk-neutral stochastic process were performed. The value of the Switch- Market Option allowed the project to more than double its original value, being reduced with the increase of the correlation between the prices. On the other hand, the value of the Switch- Output Option is less relevant, but may also reach significant values considering the increase of its volatility. By analyzing the two options simultaneously, it could be verified that they can not be directly added up and that the outcome in the Switch-Output Option of an increase in the correlation between the prices is the opposite of what happens with the Switch-Market Option, in other words, the derivative increases its value with a higher correlation, despite the decrease in the total value of the integrated options.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2012

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/13621

Temas

Economia

Palavras-chave

Real optionsStochastic processesMonte Carlo simulationLiquefied natural gasLiquefaction plantSwitch optionOpções reaisProcessos estocásticosSimulação de Monte CarloGás natural liquefeitoPlanta de liquefaçãoOpção de trocaEconomiaOpções reais (Finanças)Processo decisórioTroca (Finanças)