Entre o abandono e a valorizaçãorupturas e permanências na representação amazônica e nas políticas federais para a região durante o século XX

Resumo

This thesis aim to analyze the relationship between the Brazilian federal government and the Amazon region, focusing on specific actions and practices of the central government. One of the main aspects of the research was to identify how the links between the Amazonian space and the Union changed over time, being determined according to the dominant political ideology. The time cut was designed to compare differences and similarities in the characteristics of social thought and the brazilian political field of the First Republic and of Brazil after 30s Revolution, presenting how the transformation process of the amazonian representation took place. Therefore, the objectives of the work were intended to establish how Amazonia was understood in the eyes of the national political power, how this power chose the ways to deal with the Amazonian world, and in what way the relationship between the federal government and Amazonia was altered during the course of the 20th century. In that regard, the thesis is based on the writings of Euclides da Cunha on Amazonia and the cases of banishment to the region, in order to make explicit the representation of Amazonia in the First Republic; on the Rubber Defense Plan of 1912, to demonstrate the neglect of the rest of the country about the destiny of Amazonia; and on the political rupture of Vargas, which leads to the application of a developmentalist plan focused on national construction and integration. New historical times then made possible the expectation of a political turning point for Amazonia, through a economic valorization plan of the region, in 1953. If in the First Republic the amazonian demands are all abandoned, from the Estado Novo on, new symbols and interpretations about the amazonian value are introduced in the national politics to justify state practices. The real itself does not change, but there are changes in the way this real element is analyzed, because the interests concerning it have changed. The creation of the Superintendence of the Economic Valorization Plan of the Amazon (SPVEA) is a bet on a new chapter that aims at the reconstruction of the amazonian society as a whole. After unsuccessful experiences such as the Battle for Rubber in the 1940s, there was a need for more indepth planning to boost the amazonian economy, overcome the demographic vacuum, and prevent the dreaded internationalization of the region. Only the national state had the strength and the technical capacity to make capitalism penetrate the amazonian world once and for all, and remove it from the image of a green hell. But, even with the reordering of the regional policy project, the contradictions that already existed in the political relationship between the Union and the Amazonia continued to be present after the implementation of the SPVEA. Once again federal action hinders the amazon development plans and frustrates the hope for significant improvements. Amazonia was unable to once again become the protagonist of its own history, which had been the case since the fall of the rubber society in the 1910s. External decisions define what can or cannot be done in the region. Even though the process of state building has modified the amazonian status, especially since the 1940s, the political and economic dependence of the Amazonia in relation to the federal government continued to be its predominant aspect. The obligation of aid to Amazonia, imposed by article 199, of the 1946 Constitution, seems to have been a hindrance to the Union, which strove to always pass on the smallest amount possible to SPVEA. As much as some kind of aid was achieved, which had been completely denied in 1912, none of the primordial issues affecting the amazon space were efficiently combated. The expected structural change did not occur.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Tese

Ano

2022

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/33123

Temas

Desenvolvimento RegionalMeio Ambiente

Palavras-chave

AmazôniaRepresentaçãoEuclides da CunhaPlano de Defesa da BorrachaSPVEARepresentationRubber defense plan