Da soberania fragmentada à cooperação incompletatrajetórias do regionalismo Pan-Amazônico

Resumo

This Discussion Paper (DP) analyzes the trajectory of Pan-Amazonian cooperation, from the historical formation of a region characterized by fragmentation and the centrality of national sovereignty to the signing of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT) in 1978 and the subsequent establishment of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO). Drawing on a historical-descriptive and analytical approach, informed by the path dependence framework, the study argues that centuries of isolation, asymmetries, and mistrust have durably shaped the possibilities for regional coordination. As a result, despite the institutional innovations introduced by the ACT and its organization, the scope of present-day Amazonian cooperation remains constrained. The discussion of ACTO highlights that it represented a significant step forward by providing an institutional identity to Amazonian cooperation, although it continues to be marked by governance weaknesses, irregular decision-making processes, limited financial resour-ces of its own, and strong dependence on external funding. In practice, ACTO’s agenda remains primarily focused on environmental issues, even though both the treaty itself and recent declarations point toward a broader cooperation framework encompassing infrastructure, trade, health, Indigenous peoples, social participation, and economic development. In conclusion, Pan-Amazonia remains far from achieving substantive regional integration. In this context, logistical bottlenecks, weak trade linkages, limited social participation, border disputes, and political tensions persist, notwithstanding the existence of opportunities to strengthen ACTO as a more robust platform for regional coordination.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Estudo

Ano

2026

Instituição

Ipea

Fonte

Repositório do Ipea

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

DOI

10.38116/td3213-port

Identificador

oai:repositorio.ipea.gov.br:11058/20894

Licença

Licença Comum

Abrangência

Amazônia; Pan-Amazônia

Temas

Desenvolvimento RegionalDesenvolvimento EconômicoGovernançaMeio Ambiente

Palavras-chave

Desenvolvimento RegionalCooperação Internacional. Relações InternacionaisTratado de Cooperação Amazônica (TCA)Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (OTCA)Integração regionalF International Economics::F5 International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy::F53 International Agreements and Observance - International OrganizationsF International Economics::F5 International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy::F55 International Institutional ArrangementsN Economic History::N4 Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation::N46 Latin America - CaribbeanAmazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT)Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) Regional IntegraRegional Integration