A influência do financiamento da adoção de energia solar no Brasil

Resumo

In past decades, the primary motivation behind the development of renewable energy sources was environmental preservation. However, concerns over energy security and the growing global demand for electricity have increasingly driven governments to formulate policies and incentives aimed at fostering renewable energy adoption. Among these sources, solar energy has emerged as a leading option across various countries, largely due to its steadily declining installation costs. Furthermore, small-scale solar projects offer greater implementation flexibility and scalability, as they typically bypass the need for large-scale engineering efforts, complex environmental licensing, long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs), and intricate financial structuring. Despite these advantages, high capital costs—particularly in developing economies—remain a significant barrier to the widespread adoption and scaling of solar energy initiatives. These financial constraints tend to disproportionately affect small-scale investors, who represent the majority of photovoltaic energy producers in Brazil. This dissertation seeks to examine the evolution of renewable energy development, explore the different incentive mechanisms employed internationally, and assess financing alternatives for small-scale photovoltaic projects. The research is grounded in a comparative literature review encompassing both developed and developing nations, an analysis of Brazil’s current legal and regulatory framework, and the evaluation of national energy consumption time series. Findings indicate that Brazil lacks comprehensive incentive packages comparable to those implemented by leading countries in solar photovoltaic adoption. Additionally, the country’s elevated cost of capital continues to hinder access to financing, particularly for small-scale stakeholders, thereby limiting the pace at which solar energy can achieve broader deployment and impact.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2025

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/37277

Temas

EconomiaInfraestruturaFinanças Públicas

Palavras-chave

Energia solarEnergia solar fotovoltaicaEnergias renováveisFinanciamentoEnergiaFotovoltaicaBrasilSolar financingBrazilFinancingPhotovoltaicSolarEnergyRenewableResidentialEconomiaEnergia - Fontes alternativas - Aspectos econômicosSistemas de energia fotovoltaicaViabilidade econômica