Quais os desafios e oportunidades para as grandes empresas da indústria química que atuam no Brasil a partir da regulação do mercado de emissões de gases de efeito estufa

Resumo

The present article aims to examine which are the challenges and opportunities for large companies in the chemical industry operating in Brazil arising from the regulation of the greenhouse gas emissions market. To answer this question, the main international agreements and forums on climate change were examined; the carbon pricing mechanisms implemented or being implemented worldwide were evaluated; an inventory of initiatives seeking to regulate the gee emissions market in Brazil was developed; an analysis of the chemical sector operating in Brazil was conducted; and an assessment of the main opportunities and challenges that the regulation of the gee emissions market presents for the chemical sector was made. To achieve the proposed objectives, an exploratory research, of bibliographic and documentary nature, was carried out, as well as conducting semi-structured interviews with representatives of the Brazilian chemical industry association (ABIQUIM) and some of the main companies operating in the chemical sector in the country. The research reveals that the organizations surveyed are in favor of the implementation of a regulated market for greenhouse gas emissions (gee) in the cap-and-trade model in Brazil, being the most appropriate mechanism than carbon taxation. The research allows us to identify that this regulation has the potential to promote a green reindustrialization of the chemical sector, as well as promote the export of more sustainable products, attract investments, and enable the country to sell carbon credits in the international market. It is possible to observe that the challenges for this regulation consist in building a consensus both within the sector and in other productive sectors; in the absence of a regulatory framework that offers legal certainty for investments; and in the absence of a border adjustment mechanism to preserve the sector's competitiveness. Among the proposals for regulating the carbon emissions market in Brazil, the bill 412/2022 can be considered the most comprehensive in relation to the premises outlined by the chemical sector, as it establishes a market in the cap-and-trade model and has a broader scope in the regulated sectors. The project proposes the use of revenues collected for the development of low-carbon technologies, the harmonization of climate and energy policies, incentives for the development of low-carbon products, and a representative governance process with the participation of the productive sector and civil society. The sector must also work towards elements that have not yet been included in the substitute bill for bill 412/2022. These elements include the adoption of a border adjustment mechanism, the exemption of fossil inputs used as raw materials, the recognition of historical actions and efforts, the preparation of a regulatory impact study carried out by the government, and the need for greater agility in the implementation of regulation, considering the window of opportunity in this market.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2023

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/34472

Temas

Políticas PúblicasDesenvolvimento EconômicoAdministração PúblicaGovernançaMeio Ambiente

Palavras-chave

Mudança do climaPolítica públicaCarbonoClimate changePublic policyCarbonAdministração públicaIndústria química - BrasilMudanças climáticas - Política governamentalMercado de emissão de carbonoRedução de gases do efeito estufaPolíticas públicas