Pagamentos instantâneos e inclusão financeiralimites e desigualdades territoriais no caso do Pix

Resumo

This dissertation examines the relationship between instant payment systems and financial inclusion, challenging the widespread assumption that payment innovations are inherently inclusive. The study is structured around three complementary components. First, it conducts a review of the academic and practitioner literature on instant payments and financial inclusion, highlighting the fragmentation of the field and proposing an integrative framework that organizes key analytical dimensions, including state action, market agents, coordination and interoperability mechanisms, institutional design choices, and patterns of use. Second, the dissertation advances a theoretical essay that problematizes technodeterministic narratives, arguing that technical features such as speed, low cost, and continuous availability are enabling conditions but insufficient to ensure effective financial inclusion. Third, it presents a descriptive empirical analysis of the territorial patterns of Pix usage across Brazilian municipalities, exploring their relationship with connectivity and income levels. The findings reveal a territorially uneven incorporation of the system, including non-linear configurations in which intensive use occurs in structurally disadvantaged contexts, as well as the opposite. Taken together, the results support the argument that the inclusive effects of instant payment systems are mediated by institutional, social, and territorial factors, reinforcing the view of financial inclusion as a contingent process rather than an automatic outcome of technological innovation.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2026

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/38543

Temas

Tecnologia

Palavras-chave

Pagamentos instantâneosInclusão financeira digitalPixDesigualdades territoriaisInstant paymentsDigital financial inclusionTerritorial inequalitiesAdministração de empresasFinanças - Aspectos sociaisIntegração socialInclusão digitalDisparidades econômicas regionais