Migração forçada e educaçãoo caso venezuelano e seu impacto nos resultados educacionais dos brasileiros

Resumo

The political, social, and economic crisis in Venezuela has resulted in a significant influx of refugees to Brazil in recent years. This migratory movement has brought various consequences for the country, affecting sectors such as health, employment, and education. The relevance of this study lies in the growing importance of forced migrations and the need to investigate their impacts to promote social cohesion and sustainable development. It is justified by the need to understand how the presence of refugees can influence the educational outcomes of Brazilian students, providing evidence for the formulation of public policies. The main objective of this research is to investigate whether there is a significant variation in the educational trajectory of Brazilian students in regions with a high concentration of Venezuelan refugees and to identify the mechanisms through which the presence of refugees can influence educational outcomes. Additionally, the study aims to contribute to the academic literature with empirical data on the impacts of forced migrations on education. The methodology of this research utilizes the Differences-in-Differences (DiD) approach. Data were collected from the School Census and the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADc), allowing for the creation of variables of interest, such as years of schooling and the proportion of Venezuelan student enrollments. The exposure of Brazilians students to refugees was measured by the participation of Venezuelans among basic education students in each locality. Three dependent variables were employed: years of completed study, completion of elementary education, and completion of high school. Two treatment models—binary and nonlinear—were applied. The presence of Venezuelan refugees had a significant impact on the years of schooling of Brazilian students, resulting in significant negative coefficients, suggesting a reduction in years of schooling. However, the placebo test questioned the robustness of these findings, indicating that the observed differences could be partially attributed to pre-existing underlying trends and not exclusively to the effect of the refugees. The analysis also revealed that the presence of refugees did not have a significant impact on the completion of elementary and high school education. The study has limitations, such as the lack of control for fixed effects and consideration of the timing of exposure to refugees in each locality. Future studies are necessary to overcome these restrictions and address any remaining biases.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2024

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/35642

Temas

EconomiaPolíticas PúblicasEducação

Palavras-chave

EducaçãoRefúgioVenezuelaAvaliação de impactoEducationRefugeImpact evaluationEconomiaEducação - BrasilAvaliação educacionalRefugiados - VenezuelaMigração forçada