Impacto macroeconômico da mineração no Brasil

Resumo

The exploitation of mineral resources is essential for the modern society and indispensable for the life quality of the populations. However, this same sector, which provides life quality for society, can also be responsible for exterminating life and the environment. Given this, this study aims to revive the historical discussion on whether mining activity is considered a curse or a gift, and, based on the Hirschman's theory of the effects of production chain, to evaluate the impact of mining on the productive structure of Brazil and the potentialities of use “mineral income” for economic development. For this evaluation, the productive connections in the Brazilian mineral sector with effects of chaining production forward (downstream) and backward (upstream) were analyzed, using the sectoral data from the National Accounts between 2000 to 2017 (TRU) and the matrix input-product of 2015 from IBGE. The findings showed that, despite the fact that the majority of products produced and marketed in Brazil is mineral-based, the connections of mineral goods in the production chain are restricted to a few sectors and the variations in national production, from demand stimuli, has a small effect on the production chain, given its representativeness, especially in comparison to agricultural and construction sectors. However, when analyzing the calculated index of the amount of the demand shock on the increase in total supply, revealed that the extractive industry has a larger potential for impact on the economy, compared to the mentioned sectors. In addition to the effects of the chaining of production in the mining sector, the study showed that the extractive industry generates little employment, but that there is a high capacity of the mineral sector to generate income, and, consequently, strong potential for the effect of the fiscal chain, providing the State with the ability to tax income and channel them to other productive investments. Finally, it is clear that the inductor of economic development and the solution to mitigate the negative effects from the activity of the mineral sector are mature societies and strong institutions, which, working together, to charge, regulate, inspect and monitor the sector activities, as well as ensuring a quality investment.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2020

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/29923

Temas

EconomiaFinanças PúblicasDesenvolvimento Econômico

Palavras-chave

MiningMacroeconomicsEconomic developmentProductive chainChaining effectsProduction chainFiscal chainMineraçãoMacroeconomiaDesenvolvimento econômicoCadeia produtivaEfeitos de encadeamentoEncadeamento de produçãoEncadeamento fiscalEconomiaMinas e recursos minerais - BrasilDesenvolvimento econômico - BrasilIndústria mineral - Brasil