Evolução da competitividade da produção manufatureira no Brasil

Resumo

This article analyzes the evolution of the competitiveness of the Brazilian manufacturing industry during this decade, hoping to contribute to a better understanding of the Brazilian trade performance. The analysis is based on a costcompetitive indicator: the unit labor cost (ULC). Comparing the Brazilian competitiveness with the one of Brazilian main trade partners, we find out that the Brazilian Manufacturing sector lost competitiveness during the first half of the 1990s. This performance had a negative impact on Brazilian exports of manufactured goods. However, starting in middle 1996, the Brazilian ULC began a process of reversion of the upward trend that turn to a downward movement in 1997. Paradoxically, the lost of competitiveness has been happening simultaneously to an increase, with no precedent on recent Brazilian history, on the labor productivity. Decomposing the ULC between labor productivity and average “wage” (cost of labor) measured in dollar, it was possible to show that the main cause to the Brazilian manufacturing industry lost of competitiveness was the increase on the average wage in dollar terms. Moreover, this study shows that the increase in the average wage in dollar was much more a result of the increase of the average wage measured in Brazilian currency, than an appreciation of the real against the dollar. At the end we presents an analysis of the evolution of the ULC by manufacturing sectors.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Estudo

Ano

1998

Instituição

Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)

Fonte

Repositório do Ipea

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.ipea.gov.br:11058/2418

Licença

Licença Padrão Ipea

Abrangência

Brasil; Anos 90

Temas

Desenvolvimento Econômico

Palavras-chave

Custo unitário da mão de obraCompetitividade da indústriaDecomposição do custo da mão de obraExportações de produtos manufaturados