Estado em açãoideias, atores e instituições no enfrentamento da fome e da extrema pobreza no Brasil

Resumo

This thesis analyzes the trajectory of the construction of social policies related to facing extreme poverty and hunger in Brazil until 2018, with special emphasis on the creation of the Ministry of Social Development (MSD), as milestone of the institutionalization of this area in the governmental apparatus. The analysis inserts itself in the problematic of the relations between institutional structure and political action, sustaining itself on the theoretical assumption that the institutions influence, but also reflect the dynamics between political actors in struggle, oriented by distinct interests and values. With a watchful eye on the ideas, actors and institutions that made up this experience, it sheds light on the differences and disputes of ideas translated into State action. More specifically, it examines the trajectory of social policies of facing hunger and extreme poverty, with an emphasis on paradigms (Peter Hall), defense coalitions (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith) and referentials (Jobert and Muller). The most general theoretical framework remits itself to the discussion of the State in Action. That is, the study inserts itself in the analysis of public policies and aims to comprehend the functioning of public action in specific area of social policies, its emergence, development, continuity and disruptions in the process. The theoretical contributions of the cognitive approach of the public policies, developed by Muller and Surel (2002), are resumed, reinforcing the importance of politics in the analysis of public policies and linking it directly to the exercise of power, a fundamental variable in the decision-making processes about public actions. The result of a public policy is a process of interaction and relations of forces that assert themselves over time. What is emphasized here is that no public action is conducted by principles of neutrality. As a result, it was encountered that the main ideas in dispute found by the areas responsible for facing hunger and extreme poverty in Brazil at the federal scope can be summarized in the classic dispute between: liberals, conservatives and progressives. This dispute can be revealed around the following ideas found: meritocracy and punitivism, well present in the discussion of the conditionalities; the entries and exits of the beneficiaries, present in the discussions of CadÚnico [single register tool], and in some dilemmas presented in this thesis: the “Intruder’s dilemma”, which can be characterized by the debate on “Exit Doors” (programs temporality), and the “Fisherman’s dilemma”, to give the fish or to teach how to fish (work). And, last of all, a dispute between original conceptions, which can be treated as the dilemma “Which came first: the chicken or the egg?”, found in the dispute between poverty and vulnerability (benefits x services).

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Tese

Ano

2019

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/28785

Temas

Políticas PúblicasAdministração Pública

Palavras-chave

PovertyHungerState in actionIdeasActors and institutionsPobrezaFomeEstado em açãoIdeiasAtores e instituiçõesAdministração públicaBrasil - FomePobreza - Política governamental - BrasilPolíticas públicas - Brasil