Desigualdade de raça e gênero e impactos distributivos dos gastos públicos com saúde e educação no Brasil

Resumo

This article discusses the redistributive role of fiscal policy in Brazil by analyzing the impact of in-kind benefits (public spending on health and education) on household income. Using a methodology that utilizes data from the Household Budget Survey (Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares – POF), the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde – PNS), and administrative records, the distribution of these benefits is analyzed across different income strata and demographic groups, focusing on racial and gender inequality. The results show that these expenditures fall particularly heavily on the poorest 10% and families headed by Black women. The decomposition of the Gini coefficient and the Hoffmann progressivity index reinforce this point, demonstrating that these transfers have a pro-Black and pro-poor nature. The Theil L index reveals that, although the impact of these in-kind benefits reduces overall income inequality, there is little change in the component attributed to inequality between groups.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Estudo

Ano

2025

Instituição

Ipea

Fonte

Repositório do Ipea

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

DOI

10.38116/td3155-port

Identificador

oai:repositorio.ipea.gov.br:11058/18558

Licença

Licença Comum

Abrangência

Brasil

Temas

Finanças PúblicasEducaçãoSaúde

Palavras-chave

IgualdadeDesigualdades de raça e gêneroPolítica fiscalBenefícios in-kindPolíticas de bem-estarHealth, Education, and Welfare::Health::Health and InequalityHealth, Education, and Welfare::Education and Research Institutions::Education and InequalityHealth, Education, and Welfare::Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty::Government Policy - Provision and Effects of Welfare ProgramsRace and gender inequalitiesFiscal policyIn-kind benefitsWelfare policies