As políticas públicas antitabagistas e os efeitos à competição no mercado brasileiro de cigarrouma análise crítica para debate

Resumo

In this work, a critical analysis of the present Brazilian antismoking policy is presented along with the proposal of its reformulation aiming at harmonizing public health and tax revenue collection, and, simultaneously, meeting the interests of economical agents, specifically those of small and medium size companies, in order to avoid the private monopolization of this sector and to improve research and development of “good” cigarettes. To contextualize the analysis, an overviewed historical revision of the global growth of the tobacco consumption, its effects on public health, and the main measures implemented globally to reduce the consumption, manufacturing and sales of cigarettes are presented. These measures are specified in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, issued in 2003 by the World Health Organization, and followed by more than 170 countries. We also introduce the Brazilian policy for the eradication of cigarette consumption, which contemplate, among others, restrictions to: propaganda and cigarette sales, entry of new manufacturers in the local market, nicotine and tar cigarette content and carbon monoxide liberation, and smoking in public places. Additionally, tax measures to increase the cigarette price and to combat cigarette smuggling are also specified. In this piece of work we discuss the consequences of the adoption of the Brazilian antismoking policies on the domestic market structure and competitive dynamics, emphasizing the anticompetitive effects resultant from restrictions to cigarette advertisement and the adoption of a specific excise tax system. Theoretical models to the development of public policies aiming a direct intervention of the State in the manufacturing and distribution of cigarettes are critically analyzed. Finally, for discussion and debate, we propose adjustments in the present Brazilian antismoking policy that reconcile, on the one hand, public health themes and tax revenues and, on the other, a competitive environment, which ensures the existence of efficient small and medium companies and free competition, and the recommendation for the creation of a regulatory agency to coordinate the agents of the tobacco sector, and, particularly, to set a minimum price for cigarette resale; a system of maximum shares per cigarette manufacturer; as well as, the release of cigarette brands and advertisements only for products that have reduced or even eliminated the the individuals’ health problems.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2012

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Não informado

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/9404

Temas

EconomiaPolíticas PúblicasDesenvolvimento Econômico

Palavras-chave

CigarroPolíticas públicasDefesa da concorrênciaAlíquota ad valorem e tributo fixoRestrição à propaganda de cigarroCigarette marketAntismoking public policyCompetitionSpecific and ad valorem excise taxRestriction to cigarette advertisementEconomiaCigarros - ConsumoConcorrênciaFumo - Indústria - BrasilFumo - Vício - BrasilPolíticas públicas - Brasil