A substituição do papel-moeda por moeda digital

Resumo

Money is present in almost every moment of life. Humanity created the currency to facilitate the trade of goods and services and it allowed not only the simplest but also the most complex exchanges. Subsequently, new banking technologies were developed to enable transactions in real time, facilitating the transfer of resources between buyers and sellers with an ease that had not been experienced before. This technological evolution led Brazilians as well as other peoples to prioritize the use of debit cards, credit cards and other kinds of digital payment, which has reduced the demand for cash. Since then, questioning the need for physical money has become a natural consequence of this fact. On the other hand, even if intuition invites us to believe that the obsolescence of analog money is inevitable, it would be rash to say that banknotes and metallic coins have their days numbered. Some intrinsic characteristics of paper money are still in demand by a significant part of society, especially when we are faced with the reality of a country of continental proportions like Brazil. The fact that part of the population has depended less on this instrument does not mean that everyone can, or wants to, renounce physical money. The precariousness of the infrastructure for internet access in some regions and the limitation of face-to-face assistance by the financial system compromise digital inclusion and banking inclusion, respectively, which makes the use of paper money indispensable. In addition, the guarantee of secrecy makes cash a unique instrument since payer and receiver are not obliged to provide personal data to carry out their transactions. Even if the full social reach of such technologies is achieved, one must also question what the economic impacts would be related to an eventual extinction of paper money, since, by extinguishing it, some of the functions inherent to physical money can be assumed by cryptocurrencies, which can weaken financial stability in the face of their negligible, or non-existent, regulation. This dissertation seeks to present how the evolution of payment methods took place, describing the differences between physical and digital currencies. It will also seek to list the macroeconomic impacts derived from the substitution of one for the other, verifying the feasibility of this substitution in the Brazilian context. The COVID-19 pandemic is a medical, social and economic issue of great importance that in itself deserves attention. Bringing to behavioral economics a great emphasis due to the needs of behavioral changes. The rejection of COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated from the perspective of Behavioral Economics that affected the purpose of vaccination. A randomized and controlled study was carried out seeking to collect socioeconomic information, relating vaccination information to possible biases and social norms. SurveyMonkey was used for data collection, statistical and graphical programming language R for data analysis. The sample consisted of 1,533 respondents, which made it possible to analyze the effects of social norms, confirmation bias, availability heuristics and the choice architecture adopted for immunization. Evidence suggested behavioral variability depending on the lens used.

Ficha do documento

Tipo

Dissertação

Ano

2023

Instituição

Fundação Getulio Vargas

Fonte

Repositório da FGV

Idioma

Português

Acesso

Acesso aberto

Identificador

oai:repositorio.fgv.br:10438/33304

Temas

EconomiaTecnologiaDados

Palavras-chave

Papel-moedaBlockchainCriptomoedasCBDCCashCryptocurrenciesEconomiaBlockchains (Base de dados)Moeda - Inovações tecnológicasTransferência eletrônica de fundos